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ArkTS

ArkTS
ParadigmMulti-paradigm: functional, generic, imperative, object-oriented
DeveloperHuawei and OpenAtom Foundation open-source contributors
First appearedSeptember 30, 2021 (2021-09-30)
Stable release
4.1.7.3 / March 30, 2024 (2024-03-30)
Typing disciplineDuck, gradual, structural
OSHarmonyOS, OpenHarmony, Oniro OS, macOS, Windows, Android, iOS
LicenseApache License
Proprietary (up to HarmonyOS 3.1)
Filename extensions.ets, .ts
Website
Influenced by
TypeScript, Swift, Objective-C, JavaScript, C#, F#, Java, ActionScript, AtScript, AssemblyScript

ArkTS is a high-level general-purpose, multi-paradigm, compiled programming language developed by Huawei which is a superset of open-source TypeScript, in turn a superset of JavaScript formerly used in July 2022 HarmonyOS 3.0 version, alongside its evolved percussor, extended TypeScript (eTS) built for HarmonyOS development as a shift towards Declarative programming. ArkTS compiles to machine code via it's Ahead-of-time compilation Ark Compiler. ArkTS was first released in September 30, 2021 on OpenHarmony, and the ArkTS toolchain has shipped in DevEco Studio since version 3.1, released in 2022.[1] Since, OpenHarmony 4.0 release on October 26, 2023, ArkTS APIs has been added to the open source community to contribute.[2]

Huawei intended ArkTS to support many core concepts associated with extended TypeScript (eTS) based on TypeScript and in turn JavaScript from previous versions of HarmonyOS 3.0 with ArkUI declarative UI app development and 2.0 imperative app development alongside Java. ArkTS was introduced at Huawei's Developer Conference (HDC) 2022 in November 2022 on HarmonyOS 3.1 release.[3][4]

It underwent an upgrade in HDC 2023 with HarmonyOS 4.0 API 10 and a major upgrade at January 18, 2024 HarmonyOS Ecology Developer Conference alongside, new Cangjie programming language announced by Huawei where both programming languages become the primary languages for HarmonyOS NEXT system of HarmonyOS operating system.[5][6]

The current version of ArkTS, was released on October 26, 2023, for open source OpenHarmony 4.0 API 10 with new ArkTS APIs via DevEco Studio 4.0 Canary build after HarmonyOS 4.0 release on August 4, 2023.[7] Following current stable release, a preview released in January 2024, with OpenHarmony 4.1 Beta 1 API 11. Alongside, internal HarmonyOS NEXT Developer Preview 1 and 2 with latest API 11-12 preview based on latest version of OpenHarmony that features advanced syntax that is matured on the 5.0 version of the DevEco Studio IDE that is syntactically rigorous and provides more complete and rich capabilities compared to previous versions.[8][9]

  1. ^ Amit. "Breaking: Huawei HarmonyOS 3.1 timeline announced [Developer Preview Released]". Huawei Update. Huawei Update. Retrieved February 12, 2024.
  2. ^ "Getting Started with ArkTS". OpenAtom OpenHarmony. OpenAtom OpenHarmony. Retrieved February 12, 2024.
  3. ^ Balogun, Yusuf. "Huawei Enters Declarative Development with HarmonyOS 3.1 Version Announcement". techgenyz. techgenyz. Retrieved February 12, 2024.
  4. ^ Amit. "Breaking: Huawei HarmonyOS 3.1 timeline announced [Developer Preview Released]". Huawei Update. Huawei Update. Retrieved February 12, 2024.
  5. ^ NYAME, FREDERICK. "GET READY FOR HARMONYOS 4.0: OFFICIAL ANNOUNCEMENT COMING ON AUGUST 4". GIZMOCHINA. GIZMOCHINA. Retrieved February 12, 2024.
  6. ^ Paul, Peter. "HarmonyOS NEXT unveiled: A standalone OS without reliance on Android APKs!". GIZGUIDE. GIZGUIDE. Retrieved February 12, 2024.
  7. ^ Li, Deng. "OpenHarmony 4.0 release version launched with API 10". HC Newsroom. HC Newsroom. Retrieved February 12, 2024.
  8. ^ Li, Deng. "Open source HarmonyOS 4.1 release beta 1 with API 11 interfaces". HC Newsroom. HC Newsroom. Retrieved February 12, 2024.
  9. ^ "HarmonyOS Next 开发小记（项目源码分享） - 掘金". juejin.cn. Retrieved April 11, 2024.

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